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Witness for resolution: post-conflict quadratic affiliation in semi-free ranging pigs

Articolo
Data di Pubblicazione:
2024
Abstract:
In social mammals, post-conflict resolution can involve the reunion of former opponents (reconciliation), spontaneous/solicited post-conflict affiliation of a third party with either opponent (triadic contacts), and affiliation between other individuals (hereafter bystanders; quadratic contacts). Quadratic contacts—possibly informing complex cognitive abilities—have been neglected in post-conflict studies. We investigated quadratic affiliation in semi-free ranging pigs Sus scrofa, at the ethical farm Parva-Domus (Cavagnolo, Italy). Kinship was known. We collected behavioral data on adult pigs (n = 104) via video recordings (43 h) followed by video analyses. Affiliative and anxiety behaviors between bystanders were collected under post-conflict (PC; following a conflict between non-bystanders) and matched-control (MC; no conflict) conditions. Quadratic affiliation was present in pigs, as bystanders affiliated more in PC than MC, and such affiliation was followed by a decrease in the anxiety behaviors of both the interacting bystanders. Thus, quadratic contacts may be partly aimed at reducing one’s own anxiety (intrinsic regulation). Quadratic affiliation was highest between closely related bystanders, which suggests that such affiliation may be most effective when close kin is involved. Quadratic affiliation was lowest after reconciliation and spontaneous triadic contacts. This suggests that direct peacemaking between opponents and spontaneous triadic contacts with close kin may most likely replace quadratic affiliation. Hence, pigs can be influenced by the negative events that affect other pigs—but not themselves—and their response may be modulated by social factors. Such non-random quadratic affiliation may point toward the presence of elements of social appraisal abilities in pigs.
Tipologia CRIS:
03A-Articolo su Rivista
Keywords:
anxiety reduction, emotional regulation, reconciliation, social appraisal, triadic contacts.
Elenco autori:
Norscia, Ivan; Collarini, Edoardo; Robino, Carlo; Chierto, Elena; Cordoni, Giada
Autori di Ateneo:
CORDONI Giada
NORSCIA Ivan
ROBINO Carlo
Link alla scheda completa:
https://iris.unito.it/handle/2318/1919990
Link al Full Text:
https://iris.unito.it/retrieve/handle/2318/1919990/1138889/Quadratic_post_conflict_interaction_2023.pdf
Pubblicato in:
CURRENT ZOOLOGY
Journal
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