Formation of a Nanostructured Layer on Bioglass Particles of Different Sizes Immersed in Tris-Buffered Solution. N2 Adsorption and HR-TEM/EDS Analysis

Morphological and structural variations of particles of Bioglass with two different grain sizes reacted in Tris-buffered solution were analyzed by means of N2 adsorption/desorption at 77 K and HR-TEM/EDS. A remarkable increase in specific surface area (ssa) was observed after the first hour of dissolution. A plateau value corresponding to an increase of at least 2 orders of magnitude was reached after 2 days of dissolution. The ssa increase was faster for the smaller particle size sample, and the ratio between the ssa of the starting samples was not maintained during dissolution. Both micro- and mesopores were formed at different stages of the reaction for the two samples. Increasing ssa was also connected to the formation of a microcrystalline structure rich in Ca and P, as shown by TEM images. The segregation of both a SiO2-rich amorphous phase and a Ca/P-rich crystalline phase was observed after the first hour of dissolution. After 2 days of reaction, Ca/P-rich particles made of fine aciculate crystals were found either in close contact with SiO2 particles or deposited on a small SiO2-rich core. A preliminary analysis of TEM data showed the formation, together with hydroxy carbonate apatite, of different types of calcium phosphates not detectable by powder X-ray diffraction.