Constraining models for the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with a novel combined analysis of arrival directions, spectrum, and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Articolo
Data di Pubblicazione:
2024
Abstract:
The combined fit of the measured energy spectrum and shower maximum depth distributions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is known to constrain the parameters of astrophysical models with homogeneous source distributions. Studies of the distribution of the cosmic-ray arrival directions show a better agreement with models in which a fraction of the flux is non-isotropic and associated with the nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A or with catalogs such as that of starburst galaxies. Here, we present a novel combination of both analyses by a simultaneous fit of arrival directions, energy spectrum, and composition data measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The model takes into account a rigidity-dependent magnetic field blurring and an energy-dependent evolution of the catalog contribution shaped by interactions during propagation.We find that a model containing a flux contribution from the starburst galaxy catalog of around 20% at 40 EeV with a magnetic field blurring of around 20 degrees for a rigidity of 10EV provides a fair simultaneous description of all three observables. The starburst galaxy model is favored with a significance of 4.5 sigma (considering experimental systematic effects) compared to a reference model with only homogeneously distributed background sources. By investigating a scenario with Centaurus A as a single source in combination with the homogeneous background, we confirm that this region of the sky provides the dominant contribution to the observed anisotropy signal. Models containing a catalog of jetted active galactic nuclei whose flux scales with the gamma-ray emission are, however, disfavored as they cannot adequately describe the measured arrival directions.
Tipologia CRIS:
03A-Articolo su Rivista
Keywords:
ultra high energy cosmic rays; cosmic ray experiments; active galactic nuclei
Elenco autori:
Abdul Halim, A.; Abreu, P.; Aglietta, M.; Allekotte, I.; Almeida Cheminant, K.; Almela, A.; Aloisio, R.; Alvarez-Muñiz, J.; Ammerman Yebra, J.; Anastasi, G.A.; Anchordoqui, L.; Andrada, B.; Andringa, S.; Aramo, C.; Araújo Ferreira, P.R.; Arnone, E.; Arteaga Velázquez, J.C.; Asorey, H.; Assis, P.; Avila, G.; Avocone, E.; Badescu, A.M.; Bakalova, A.; Balaceanu, A.; Barbato, F.; Bartz Mocellin, A.; Bellido, J.A.; Berat, C.; Bertaina, M.E.; Bhatta, G.; Bianciotto, M.; Biermann, P.L.; Binet, V.; Bismark, K.; Bister, T.; Biteau, J.; Blazek, J.; Bleve, C.; Blümer, J.; Boháčová, M.; Boncioli, D.; Bonifazi, C.; Bonneau Arbeletche, L.; Borodai, N.; Brack, J.; Brichetto Orchera, P.G.; Briechle, F.L.; Bueno, A.; Buitink, S.; Buscemi, M.; Büsken, M.; Bwembya, A.; Caballero-Mora, K.S.; Caccianiga, L.; Caracas, I.; Caruso, R.; Castellina, A.; Catalani, F.; Cataldi, G.; Cazon, L.; Cerda, M.; Chinellato, J.A.; Chudoba, J.; Chytka, L.; Clay, R.W.; Cobos Cerutti, A.C.; Colalillo, R.; Coleman, A.; Coluccia, M.R.; Conceição, R.; Condorelli, A.; Consolati, G.; Conte, M.; Convenga, F.; Correia dos Santos, D.; Costa, P.J.; Covault, C.E.; Cristinziani, M.; Cruz Sanchez, C.S.; Dasso, S.; Daumiller, K.; Dawson, B.R.; de Almeida, R.M.; de Jesús, J.; de Jong, S.J.; de Mello Neto, J.R.T.; De Mitri, I.; de Oliveira, J.; de Oliveira Franco, D.; de Palma, F.; de Souza, V.; De Vito, E.; Del Popolo, A.; Deligny, O.; Deval, L.; di Matteo, A.; Dobre, M.; Dobrigkeit, C.; D'Olivo, J.C.; Domingues Mendes, L.M.; dos Anjos, J.C.; dos Anjos, R.C.; Ebr, J.; Ellwanger, F.; Emam, M.; Engel, R.; Epicoco, I.; Erdmann, M.; Etchegoyen, A.; Evoli, C.; Falcke, H.; Farmer, J.; Farrar, G.; Fauth, A.C.; Fazzini, N.; Feldbusch, F.; Fenu, F.; Fernandes, A.; Fick, B.; Figueira, J.M.; Filipčič, A.; Fitoussi, T.; Flaggs, B.; Fodran, T.; Fujii, T.; Fuster, A.; Galea, C.; Galelli, C.; García, B.; Gaudu, C.; Gemmeke, H.; Gesualdi, F.; Gherghel-Lascu, A.; Ghia, P.L.; Giaccari, U.; Giammarchi, M.; Glombitza, J.; Gobbi, F.; Gollan, F.; Golup, G.; Gómez Berisso, M.; Gómez Vitale, P.F.; Gongora, J.P.; González, J.M.; González, N.; Goos, I.; Góra, D.; Gorgi, A.; Gottowik, M.; Grubb, T.D.; Guarino, F.; Guedes, G.P.; Guido, E.; Hahn, S.; Hamal, P.; Hampel, M.R.; Hansen, P.; Harari, D.; Harvey, V.M.; Haungs, A.; Hebbeker, T.; Hojvat, C.; Hörandel, J.R.; Horvath, P.; Hrabovský, M.; Huege, T.; Insolia, A.; Isar, P.G.; Janecek, P.; Johnsen, J.A.; Jurysek, J.; Kääpä, A.; Kampert, K.H.; Keilhauer, B.; Khakurdikar, A.; Kizakke Covilakam, V.V.; Klages, H.O.; Kleifges, M.; Knapp, F.; Kunka, N.; Lago, B.L.; Langner, N.; Leigui de Oliveira, M.A.; Lema-Capeans, Y.; Lenok, V.; Letessier-Selvon, A.; Lhenry-Yvon, I.; Lo Presti, D.; Lopes, L.; Lu, L.; Luce, Q.; Lundquist, J.P.; Machado Payeras, A.; Majercakova, M.; Mandat, D.; Manning, B.C.; Mantsch, P.; Marafico, S.; Mariani, F.M.; Mariazzi, A.G.; Mariş, I.C.; Marsella, G.; Martello, D.; Martinelli, S.; Martínez Bravo, O.; Martins, M.A.; Mastrodicasa, M.; Mathes, H.J.; Matthews, J.; Matthiae, G.; Mayotte, E.; Mayotte, S.; Mazur, P.O.; Medina-Tanco, G.; Meinert, J.; Melo, D.; Menshikov, A.; Merx, C.; Michal, S.; Micheletti, M.I.; Miramonti, L.; Mollerach, S.; Montanet, F.; Morejon, L.; Morello, C.; Müller, A.L.; Mulrey, K.; Mussa, R.; Muzio, M.; Namasaka, W.M.; Nasr-Esfahani, A.; Nellen, L.; Nicora, G.; Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M.; Niechciol, M.; Nitz, D.; Nosek, D.; Novotny, V.; Nožka, L.; Nucita, A.; Núñez, L.A.; Oliveira, C.; Palatka, M.; Pallotta, J.; Parente, G.; Pawlowsky, J.; Pech, M.; Pȩkala, J.; Pelayo, R.; Pereira, L.A.S.; Pereira Martins, E.E.; Perez Armand, J.; Pérez Bertolli, C.; Perrone, L.; Petrera, S.; Petrucci, C.; Pierog, T.; Pimenta, M.; Platino, M.; Pont, B.; Pothast, M.; Pourmohammad Shahvar, M.; Privitera, P.; Prouza, M.; Puyleart, A.; Querchfeld, S.; Rautenberg, J.; Ravignani, D.; Reininghaus, M.; Ridky, J.; Riehn, F.; Risse, M.; Rizi, V.; Rodrigues de Carvalho, W.; Rodriguez, E.; Rodriguez Roj
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